Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in renal tissue in severe dengue in humans: Effects on endothelial activation/dysfunction

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Adhesion molecules have not been systematically characterized in the renal tissue of patients with severe dengue (SD). The objective of this study was to detect viral antigens in samples from patients that evolved with SD, correlating with the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VE-cadherin, and E-selectin to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SD. METHODS: Kidney specimens from patients with SD were selected according to clinical and laboratorial data and submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. A semiquantitative evaluation was performed considering positive immunostaining in 20 glomeruli. RESULTS: Viral antigens were mainly detected in distal tubules. The intense immunostaining of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was observed. The expression of E-selectin was discrete, and VE-cadherin expression varied from mild to moderate. VCAM-1 was slightly intense in the glomerular capsule; the expression of ICAM-1 was diffuse. E-selectin was diffuse, and VE-cadherin varied from mild to moderate. The most frequent histological findings were glomerular congestion, mild glomerulitis, acute renal injury, and glomerular atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: The results appear to demonstrate an imbalance between vascular endothelial permeability regulating events in renal lesions in SD. The increase in the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is an in-situ indicator of higher permeability with a consequent influx of cells favoring the inflammation of the endothelium. These molecules are important in the pathophysiology of the disease and provide the possibility of developing new markers for the evaluation, clinical follow-up, and therapeutic response of patients with SD.

Polimorfismos de nucleótido simple en moléculas de adhesión y parámetros clínicos en artritis reumatoide / Single nucleotid polymorphisms of adhesion molecules and clinical parameters in rheumatoid arthritis

Se investigó la relación entre los polimorfismos de E-selectina, la molécula de adhesión vascular-1 (VCAM1) y la molécula de adhesión intercelular-1 (ICAM1) con el perfil de lípidos y marcadores clínicos de inflamación en artritis reumatoide (AR). Se incluyeron 60 pacientes con AR clasificados de acuerdo a los criterios del American College of Rheumatology (ACR, 1987) y 60 controles clínicamente sanos (CCS), no relacionados entre sí, definidos como población de mestizos mexicanos. Los genotipos se caracterizaron por la técnica de PCR-RFLP. La velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), factor reumatoideo (FR), concentración de fibrinógeno (FB), proteína C reactiva (PCR) y perfil de lípidos, se realizaron por métodos convencionales. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con SPSS v10.0. La VSG correlacionó con PCR, FR, FB y cHDL, (r=0,507; 0,296; 0,475 y -0,308, respectivamente); PCR con FB (r=0,613), p<0,05. El alelo 1238G se asoció con FR y Apo-B; y el alelo 721A, con cHDL y cLDL (p<0,05). Los datos muestran que los niveles de FB, cHDL, y los alelos 721A de ICAM1 y 1238G de VCAM1 se asocian con los marcadores clínicos de inflamación. Existen diferencias entre la distribución de los polimorfismos en este estudio y las reportadas para población oriental, caucásica y turca.

The genotypes were characterized using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technique. The ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), RF (rheumatoid factor), fibrinogen (FB), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile were measured by routine methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v10.0. The significant Pearson´s correlations were: ESR with CRP, RF, FB and HDLc, (r=0.507, 0.296, 0.475, and -0.308, respectively); CRP with FB (r=0.613), p<0.05. The results showed an association with A allele of ICAM1 polymorphism and serum levels of HDLc and LDLc; and Apo-B and FR showed an association with C allele of VCAM1 polymorphism (p<0.05). Data shows that FB and HDLc levels, and ICAM1 polymorphism allele 721A and VCAM1 polymorphism allele 1238G are associated with clinical inflammation markers in RA. Our Mexican-mestizo population showed differences with many reports (from English, American, Turkish, Japanese, Chinese, Italian, and Korean populations).